William Mallory, Jr


From the files of The Mallory Surname DNA Study

William Mallory, Jr (1779-1857) of Virginia and Kentucky was a veteran of the Natchez Expedition and Creek Indian War during the War of 1812.

Click for Modern illustration of Tennessee Volunteer

Early Life


William Mallory, Jr was born 1779 (1) in Louisa County, Virginia, probably the first son of  William Mallory, Sr and Ann Hogan. The population was moving westward and the Walker line was being surveyed to extend the state line between Virginia and North Carolina west of the Appalacian Mountains. It is likely that he grew up in Trinity Parish where his father owned property on a branch of the South Anna River named Dirty Swamp. (2)

Click for 1775 Virginia map

On 03 Sep 1781, a sister Mary Ann Mallory was born (3) , just six weeks before the British surrender ended the American Revolution in Yorktown, Virginia.

In 1782, another sibling was born, name and gender unknown. (3)   This may have been William Mallory, Jr's brother, James Mallory. 

The Louisa County, Virginia Census of 1782 divided the county into eight (8) "Hundreds"(4) ; four (4) south of the main road and four (4) north of the main road.  "William Mallery" was listed among those residents in Hundred #3.  According to this, his residence was in the south of the county, and immediately east of the middle of the county.  The household consisted of six (6) whites and one (1) black.

Click for map of Louisa Hundreds

21 Nov 1783, a second brother, John Mallory was born. (3)

In 1785, the Louisa County, Virginia Census "William Mallery" household consisted of four (4) "white souls", one (1) "dwelling house" and five (5) "outbuildings".

18 Mar 1786, a third brother, Henry Hickerson Mallory was born. (3)

William Mallory, Jr's maternal grandfather William Hogan died between 14 April 1788 and 08 December 1794.

30 April 1789, George Washington was inaugurated President of the United States in New York City.

In 1792, Logan County was formed from Lincoln County in Kentucky.

March 4, 1797, John Adams inaugurated as the second President of the United States.

In 1800, William Mallory listed among four (4) males, five (5) females and zero (0) slaves in one Louisa County, Virginia record and William Mallory and one (1) son (both are above 16 years of age) three (3) horses in another record.

March 4, 1801, Thomas Jefferson inaugurated as the third President of the United States.

James Mallory married 21 December 1801 in Orange County, Virginia, Molly Brockman.

Marriage and Westward Migration


William Mallory, Jr married 26 Feb 1803 in Louisa County, Virginia, Catharine Knight Harris, daughter of the tavern owner Nathan Harris and wife, Sarah Knight. (5)  He was about 23 years old and she was about 22.

On 25 November 1803, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's first son, Samuel Kemper Mallory was born in Louisa County, Virginia. (6)

William Mallory, Jr's mother, Ann died in Virginia sometime between 14 Sep 1801 and 08 Jul 1805.

On 30 January 1807, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's second son, John Senter Mallory was born in Virginia. (5)

The Embargo Act was passed at the beginning of a long period of widespread foreclosures, bank failures and unemployment.  Virginia farmland worked by colonists for generations began to wear out and agriculture slumped.  

William Mallory, Jr's father, William Mallory, Sr married 17 September 1807 in Louisa County, Virginia, Lucinda Goodman. (7)  Apparently, William Mallory, Sr and Lucinda settled in Hanover County.

04 March 1809, James Madison was inaugurated as the fourth President of the United States.

About 1810, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's daughter Martha A. Mallory was born in Virginia. About the same time, his half sister, Martha Mallory was born in Virginia. She was the daughter of William Mallory, Sr and William Mallory Sr's second wife, Lucinda.

William Mallory, Jr and his family lived on an 80 acre tract of land on Dirty Swamp  until it was sold 14 Oct 1811 by William Mallory, Sr. and his wife Lucy. (8)

Click for location map of 80 acre tract on Dirty Swamp

Before June 1812, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's third son Ause W. Mallory was born in Virginia.

When he was about 32 years old, William Mallory, Jr, his wife Catharine and four children migrated from Virginia. Family lore says they traveled the distance of 800 miles from Louisa County, Virginia to what was then Logan County, Kentucky in an ox-cart along with Harris, Cole, Tisdale, McFarland and other families. (9)  

The Great Wagon Road ran southwest through the Shenandoah Valley to Big Lick in the Roanoke Valley.  In Virginia, the Great Wagon Road was improved as the Valley Pike and designated U.S. Route 11 in 1926. Today, Interstate 81 roughly parallels the route which crosses Virginia's Natural Bridge.

Click for Natural Bridge photo

A second branch, known simply as the “Great Road,” left Big Lick at the present site of Roanoke and ran southwest to the Holston River Valley, going through Fort Chiswell and Wolf Hill (now Abingdon), Virginia, into northeast Tennessee.  From the Abingdon area, the Wilderness Road was developed into Kentucky by Daniel Boone.  The Great Road was the primary settlement route for Southwest Virginia and Northeast Tennessee, while the Wilderness Road provided settlement routes to Kentucky, Middle Tennessee, and Indiana.

Click for Wilderness Road plaque

The route of the Wilderness Road made a long loop from Virginia southward to Tennessee and then northward to Kentucky, a distance of over 200 miles (320 km).

From The Long Island of the Holston River (modern Kingsport, Tennessee), the road went north through Moccasin Gap of Clinch Mountain, then crossed the Clinch River and crossed rough land (called the Devils Raceway) to the North Fork Clinch River. Then it crossed Powell Mountain at Kanes Gap. From there it ran southwest through the valley of the Powell River to the Cumberland Gap.

After passing over the Cumberland Gap the Wilderness Road forked. The southern fork passed over the Cumberland Plateau to Nashville, Tennessee via the Cumberland River. The northern fork split into two parts. The eastern spur went into the Bluegrass region of Kentucky to Fort Boonesborough on the Kentucky River (south of Lexington). The western spur ran to the Falls of the Ohio (now Louisville).

Information at The Cumberland Gap Park Visitors Center states that this was a six (6) month expedition; usually taken during the winter months. Destinations were intentionally reached near the spring of the year so those pioneers could get crops planted. (10)

Click for Long Island sketch

At that time, the state line between Logan County, Kentucky and Sumner County, Tennessee was not well defined. It's likely they settled within a ten mile wide swath of open grasslands and wooded rocky hills between the Dripping Springs Escarpment to the north and the Cumberland River in the south then known as "The Barrens".  This plateau region is now called the Pennyrile on the Kentucky side and the Highland Rim in Tennessee.

Click for 1812 Kentucky map Click for Pennyrile Region map

Early pioneers mistakenly thought the vast open spaces or "Barrens" were infertile because of their lack of trees. The grasslands of little bluestem, broom sedge and pennyroyal are said to have been formed by generations of native inhabitants' fires to attract herds of buffalo and other game. Those settlers who were attracted there because the land did not require clearing found the soils to be exceptionally fertile. Fresh water was plentiful in surface streams and underground aquifers fed by uncounted springs and sinks.

On June 18, 1812, President James Madison signed the declaration of war against Great Britain, marking the beginning of the War of 1812.

Military Service During the War of 1812


A History of Audrain County, Missouri describes William Mallory, Jr as "a gallant soldier in the War of 1812, and served under the command of that iron soldier, Gen. Jackson." (11)

Andrew Jackson, Major General of the regional militia since 1802, had offered his services to the President less than two weeks after the Declaration of War.

Click for early Andrew Jackson portrait

The Natchez Expedition

21 October 1812, the War Department requested 1,500 volunteers be sent to the aid of General Wilkinson's forces in New Orleans, Louisiana.  01 November 1812 Tennessee Governor Willie Blount ordered Jackson to comply. He recruited volunteers from Tennessee, Kentucky and the Mississippi Territory.

14 November 1812, Major General Andrew Jackson Second Division the Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry evoked their father's service in the American Revolution and called for each man to provide his own rifle, ammunition, camp gear and blankets for which subsequent reimbursement would be made. Initially, 2,070 volunteers assembled and the State accepted 2,486 before the expedition bagan. (12)
 
Expecting a six month expedition, Jackson specified the volunteers' uniforms be suitable for winter and spring, "Dark blue or brown has been prescribed for service, of homespun or not, at the election of the wearer; hunting-shirts or coats, at the option of the different companies, with pantaloons and dark-colored socks. White pantaloons, vests, etc., may be worn upon parade."  Each Volunteer was "entitled to a powder horn full of the best Eagle powder, one dozen new sharp flints and lead enough to mould 100 bullets to fit his rifle." (13)
 
Organized in Sumner County Tennessee, Troop #3 under captain John Baskerville, of Colonel John Coffee's Cavalry included "William Malory." (14)  Coffee's wife was Rachel Jackson's niece.
 
Click for John Coffee portrait
 
10 December 1812, the troops were mustered in at Nashville during a period of cold weather so extreme, snow accumulated to a foot deep and the Cumberland froze over.  Proper accomodations were not available for so many. The expedition consisted of two volunteer infantry regiments, under Colonels Thomas Benton and William Hall, and one regiment of volunteer cavalry under Colonel John Coffee.  Coffee’s mounted gunmen rendezvoused at Columbia, Tennessee. (15)
 
14 December 1812, Baskerville's Company joined other companies mainly from Rutherford, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Smith, Williamson, and Wilson Counties to form a Regiment of 670 under Coffee. At the time, those counties were near the frontier and the area was referred to as "West Tennessee".
 
04 January 1813, after nearly a month's preparation, Coffee's Regiment of 696 mounted riflemen rode out of Nashville, four days before the other two regiments of volunteers departed.
 
While Jackson and most of his volunteers went by flatboat to Natchez, Coffee's mounted men left 19 January 1813 to go 450 miles by the overland trace.  Originally a series of native trails, it was established by Congress as a post road in 1800. In 1801, it was widened as a wagon road with creeks bridged and swamps "causedwayed". Today the old trace's general route is followed by the Natchez Trace Scenic Parkway.
 
Click for photo of Old Trace Click for Sunken Trace photo Click for Natchez Trace map
 
23 January 1813, William Mallory, Jr was somewhere on the trace when his and Catharine's fourth son Elberton B. Mallory was born in Kentucky.
 
15 February 1813, Coffee's regiment of cavalry was waiting when the rest of Jackson's forces arrived at Fort Dearborn in the vicinity of Natchez.  Citing a lack of provisions in New Orleans, Jackson's superior officer, General Wilkinson stalled the expedition.  In Natchez, Jackson's forces drilled, trained and became soldiers.
 
In late March 1813, Jackson received instructions from the War Department to disband his men with thanks and turn over his equipment, but he refused. With only eleven (11) wagons and over 150 sick, Jackson had his officers give up their horses and walk like everyone else, including Jackson. His men became so impressed with him that they started calling him "Old Hickory".
 
22 May 1813, General Jackson's Natchez Expedition ended when his army returned "as a body" to Columbia, Tennessee, where they were mustered out.  Their foray, often described as "abortive" belies its value as a "march of education and camp of instruction" which had transformed the volunteers into an experienced military force. (16)
 
Jackson, declaring "the discharge was good & complete" gave each volunteer a personalized handwritten certificate.  For William Mallory, Jr it would have read:

 

  I certify that William Mallory enrolled himself as a volunteer under the acts of congress of Feb. 6th 1812

  until the 22nd of May 1813, and is hereby discharged.

A. Jackson, Maj, Gen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Holding their certificates, many believed they were absolved from future obligation. Others went back home to their farms and families, cleaned and oiled their guns, kept their powder dry and waited. (17)  Whatever his belief, William Mallory Jr's respite lasted only for the summer of 1813.  Rumors were spread that they were not discharged, but still in service and were entitled to pay for the entire time. (14)  This sudden reversal only added to the disruption of their personal affairs already in turmolt over the war in the north, threats to essential trade on the Mississippi, and increasingly frequent news of Indian attacks.

The Creek Indian War
 
During the War of 1812, a split occurred in the Muscogee nation of native Americans. These tribes in the Mississippi territory were called "Creek Indians" because they settled along the length of streams rather than in villiages. Armed by the British, Creeks or "Red Sticks" from the northern part started what was known as the Creek Indian War 29 August 1813 by attacking Fort Mimms. The southern Creeks or "White Sticks" along with Cherokee and Choctaw, allied with the Americans and later fought with militia volunteers from Tennessee and Georgia,and U.S. Regulars under Jackson.  Jackson instructed those under his command to wear a white plume or deer's tail to distinguish them from the enemy during battle.
 

Click for Mississippi Territory map Click for White Stick William McIntosh Portrait Click for Red Stick Chief Menewa Portrait

18 Sep 1813, the Tennessee Legislature passed "An act to repel the invasion of the State of Tennessee by Creek Indians and to afford relief to the citizens of the Mississippi territory, and other purposes."  This part of the "Mississippi Territory" later became part of Alabama when it became a state in 1819.

On 04 September 1813, Jackson sustained a serious gunshot wound during a brawl in Nashville.

24 September 1813, as Second Division troops mustered in Nashville for departure to the Creek territory, Coffee was promoted to Brigadeer General. Many of the men in the regiment under Colonel John Coffee became part of the unit led by Colonels John Allcorn and Dyer. The unit was incorporated with Colonel Newton Cannon's Mounted Riflemen. Muster rolls reveal that the regiment went by various designations besides volunteer mounted riflemen: volunteer cavalry; mounted militia; or mounted gunmen. Some historians refer to them as "dragoons".

John Allcorn had been among the first magistrates in Wilson County Tennessee at its formation. He was the Wilson County Court Clerk in the spring of 1813.

Pay Roll of a company of Volunteer Calvary commanded by Captain John Baskerville of the Regiment commanded by John Allcorn in the service of the United States from 24 September, 1813 to the 1st February, 1814.
John Baskerville, Capt.; John Lauderdale, 1st Lt.; Jesse Weaver, 2nd Lt.; Wm. Gwinn, Cornet; Moses Henry, Sgt.; Reubin Blackmore, Sgt.; Thadeus W. Barbour, Sgt.; Thos. Young, Sgt.; Wm. Mallery, Sgt.; Thos. Knight, Cpl.; Edwin Alexander, Cpl.; James Wilson, Cpl.; James Johnson, Cpl.; John Bachelor, Trumpter; Luke Thomas, Sadler; Peter Bryson, Blk. Smith. (18)

The basic uniform of a mounted rifleman was a cotton or course linen trousers and hunting shirt with shoulder cape. Fringed edges wicked moisture out for faster drying and provided an irregular camoflaged outline. The jacket was worn over a long civilian shirt that could be worn as a nightshirt or light wear in camp.  The trousers usually had a double-button fly in style at the time, initially dyed black. The dye, called copperas was prone to fading, resulting in a dirty gray. Natural colors, fringe and fade that blended into the natural hues of the wilderness inspired the British to give them the derisive nickname, "Dirty Shirts". Some wore animal skin hats, but the floppy felt civilian hat with its wide brim provided protection from sun and rain.  William Mallory, Jr probably wore expensive high topped, low heeled leather riding boots and simple spurs with rounded spikes. (19)  In addition to his rifle, ammuntion, canteen and large single bladed knife in scabbard, he may have carried a tomahawk or heavy dragoon pistol for close combat.

Click for Volunteer uniform illustration

They joined others mustered around four massive oaks on the bank of the Elk River just south of  Fayetteville in Lincoln County, Tennessee at Camp Blount. In 1930, federal funds were appropriated by Congress to commemorate the site.  Historical markers have been erected to mark the site by the Tennessee Historical Commission. (35.141383,-86.568333)

Click for Camp Blount marker photo

25 September 1813, Jackson issued an order from Nashville for the repair of muskets. 26 September 1813, Jackson dispatched Coffee, his regiment and volunteers to Huntsville to support settlers there and to protect a supply depot planned to be established on the Tennessee River. 27 September 1813, Jackson issued orders to furnish packhorses and axes and to furnish packhorses and axes to the Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry and Volunteer Mounted Gunmen. (20)

07 October 1813, Jackson joined the troops at Fayetteville.  Coffee sent word from Huntsville in present day Madison County, Alabama that large numbers of hostile Creek were approaching and requested Jackson's support.

Click for Camp Blount marker photo Click for fictional scene

11 October 1813, Andrew Jackson, with his arm still in a sling, assumed command and following Coffee, marched his troops from Fayetteville to Huntsville in five (5) hours. Founded in 1811 as "Twickenham", Huntsville changed its name due to anti-english sentiment.

12 October 1813, After the Red Stick threat proved false, the troops crossed the Tennessee at Ditto’s Landing where they joined Coffee’s men and set up camp on a high river bluff overlooking an island. Shallow water levels on the Tennessee delayed flatboats that were supposed to bring critical supplies. Twenty five hundred men and seventeen hundred horses consume ten wagon loads of provisions a day.  They drilled while waiting for supplies that never came and resorted to sending out hunting and foraging parties. (21)  The place name, Ditto's Landing is still used in the Whitesburg community just east of the Redstone Arsenal. (34.576, -86.564)

Click for Ditto's Landing photo

19 October 1813, They broke camp after receiving word of Red Stick warriors threatening a friendly Creek villiage on the Coosa River

24 October 1813, Jackson arrived at the mouth of Thompson's Creek, later known as Honey Creek near present day Guntersville in Marshal County. Jackson split his army, sending some ahead to hack a trail southward while the rest stayed and established a fortified base of operations named Fort Deposit.  It consisted of one or two small log buildings.  A number of nearby caves were used to store supplies and ammunition. The largest of these was on the northern shore and reached by a ferry.  About 200 yards from Deposit Light #352.6, an inscription commemorating Jackson was cut into the limestone cliff in 1914.  About seven (7) inches high and four (4) inches deep, it was carved almost directly above the entrance to Jackson's Cave which is now submerged.

25 October 1813, William Mallory, Jr was probably among those who left Fort Deposit with their axes to hew a trail across the Racoon Mountains and Lookout Mountains. Six (6) days later they reached an area called Ten Islands where they crossed the Coosa River.

Click for campain map Click for historical map

28 October 1813, the volunteers reached Wells Creek where the volunteers ran out of bread. The civilian contractor system they depended on for supplies simply failed to deliver. They camped there and sent out hunting and foraging parties.

03 November 1813, The Battle of Tallaseehatchee was the first actual battle in Andrew Jackson's military career. General John Coffee commanded approximately 1,000 Tennessee volunteers. Participating were Colonel John Alcorn's 2nd Regiment of Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Riflemen and Colonel Newton Cannon's 2nd Regiment of Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Riflemen. Jackson ordered Coffee to attack Red Stick Warriors in the Southern Creek village of Tallusahatchee (Tallasseehatchee), destroy it and return with all of its corn and cattle. They advanced in the dark and split into two columns when they arrived at the site located near what is now Ohatchee in Calhoun County, Alabama.

Allcorn's cavalry including William Mallory, Jr encircled half the town on the right while Cannon's riflemen on the left encircled the other half.  At dawn, they took the town by surprise. Coffee set a trap by sending in two companies to lure the warriors from their shelters then having the volunteers fall back. This drew the warriors out to meet the direct fire and immediate charge from Allcorn's men as Cannon's drew in the circle. Surrounded, the desperate warriors fought furiously and 186 were killed almost immediately in what was a short, bloody battle.  Some Creek women and children were also killed, raising the toll to about 200.  Coffee's men gathered provisions, buried five (5) volunteers and tended to 41 wounded. They marched back along the Coosa with 84 women and children who were captured and later taken back to Huntsville.  Coffee's Battle Report to Jackson is preserved in The Historic New Orleans Collection museum and research center.

After the battle, many Creek Indians switched alliegance away from the traditionalist Red Sticks.

Click for Tallasseehatchee Battle marker photo

They traveled 60 miles crossing the Coosa Mountains and following along the Coosa River. Some sixty miles from Fort Deposit, they erected Fort Strother on the Coosa River opposite Charchee Creek. It was 100 yards square enclosing eight (8) hospital huts, a supply house, 25 tents and a large hog pen. In 1913, the D.A.R. erected a stone marker on the site, four (4) miles west of Ohatchee. In 1962, the Alabama Power Company's H. Neely Henry Dam was built just upstream in St. Clair County, Alabama. On 24 July 1972, the site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. (33.765145,-86.049329)

Click for Fort Strother marker Click for detailed campain map Click for John Coffee's campain map

08 November 1813 Just after midnight, they began to ford the Coosa in response to news of 160 friendly Creek warriors who with their families were hemmed up thirteen (13) miles away.  By four o'clock in the morning, all of the volunteers had crossed except for a small unit left to guard Fort Strother.  William Mallory, Jr was one of 800 who rode through the wilderness with a foot soldier behind him on his horse. At sunset, Jackson's army made camp and regrouped within six (6) miles of Talladega, where friendly natives were beseiged at Fort Leslie by 1,080 Red Sticks. A fortified house, it has also been referred to as Leslie's Station, Leslie's Post, Fort Lashley, and Lashley's Fort. The site located at Fort Lashley Avenue and South Street in Talladega is identified by a marker. (33.43457; -86.10302)  A pyramidal monument, lists the officers and privates killed in the battle erected by the D.A.R. in Oak Hill Cemetery nearby where their remains were re-interred.

Click for Talladega Battle Marker photo Click for pyramidal D.A.R. Monument photo

09 November 1813, the Battle of Talladega. Before 4 o'clock in the morning, 20,000 volunteers had silently encircled a thicket where the Red Sticks were concealed near the fortification. As in the previous battle, a small decoy force drew out the warriors at sunrise.  But the warrior's appearance and war cries caused some of the front line militia to give way and the inner circle broke. Initial corrective action faltered before reserves met the warriors' charge the militia recovered. At this point the battle became general and lasted for another 15 minutes before the Red Sticks were driven from the field eluding Colonel Allcorn's cavalry's wide circuit from the rear. From his position, William Mallory Jr likely was among those who pursued the fleeing Red Sticks into the surrounding wood and mountains. Some were caught and killed, but many disappeared taking with them the knowledge of the volunteer's tactics.

An accurate count was not possible, but it was estimated that 400 casualties were inflicted on the Red Sticks, including 290 dead. Jackson's forces suffered 100 casualties, including 15 killed in the field and two (2) who died from their wounds afterwards.  After burying their dead, the volunteers returned along the Coosa to Fort Strother with a tattered battle flag bearing the Spanish arms and the grateful Creeks they had rescued. The captured battle flag offered as proof of Spanish complicity was later sent to the "ladies of east Tennessee."  Those rescued added to the increasingly dire need for provisions.

Click for Talladega Battle map Click for battle scene engraving

At one point, the horses were without corn for a week and the men were without food for two (2) days, except what some had held in reserve. Many of those who had enlisted for the Natchez Expedition openly proclaimed their year's enlistment was over on 10 December 1814 and deserved honorable discharge.  Jackson's official position was that the months they were not in the field simply did not count. The three (3) month terms of militia units that enlisted in September 1813 were also expiring.  Despite Jackson's threats to personally kill deserters, his army deteriorated to only only a few more than a hundred loyal men. William Mallory, Jr's payroll records indicate he was among those who stayed at Fort Strother and endured the starvation by eating acorns along with Jackson.

Click for 09 Dec 1813 Jackson order image

12 November 1813, Jackson issued an order for the "forwarding blankets to Fort Strother to benefit the army against the hostile Creek Indians". (22)

17 November 1813, Jackson abandoned Fort Strother and marched his army twelve (12) miles toward Tennessee where they met 150 beeves and nine (9) wagons of flour. (23)

13 December 1813 Jackson received word that reinforcements and supplies were nearby and ordered 1st Brigade West Tennessee Volunteers to return home for discharge. (24)

15 January 1814, 900 fresh recruits from West Tennessee joined the remnants Jackson's army at Fort Strother.  Their term was for only 60 days, so Jackson moved them out without delay. Three (3) days later, 930 volunteers were joined by 200 friendly Creek and Cherokee warriors at the site of the previous battle in Talladega. following two advance companies of scouts and with a cannon in tow, they set out toward the Tallapoosa River.

20 January 1814, After crossing Hillabee Creek, they set up camp for the night at Enotochopco in what is now Tallapoosa County, Alabama.

Click for Hillabee Creek photo

21 January 1814, They saw two (2) Red Stick warriors who eluded capture and toward dusk found the trail of a large force of warriors moving toward Tohopeka.  Jackson set up camp in a square formaiton and posted extra guards as an attack appeared eminent. 

22 January 1814, The Battle of Emuckfau Creek began when the Red Sticks attacked at dawn and continued into the morning when a charge from the camp broke through the attackers and repulsed them. The volunteers and allied native troops persued the retreating Red Sticks before returning to camp and reorganizing. As Jackson evaluated the encounter counting twenty four Red Stick corpses, a second wave of warriors attacked the right flank.  This prompted an order for 200 volunteers to retalliate which was answered by less than 54 mounted riflemen. (25)  They again repulsed the Red Sticks, but four (4) were killed and Coffee was wounded.  Jackson concluded that it was prudent to return to Fort Strother.

Click for Emuckfau Battle marker photo Click for Emuckfau Creek photo

23 January 1814, Jackson marched his army back to Enotochopco (or Enitachopco) Creek before sunset.  There the volunteers erected defensive breastworks to fortify the encampment for the night.

24 January 1814, The Battle of Enotochopco Creek, one of the flank columns of Jackson’s army was attacked from the rear as they began to cross the stream with the wounded. When the rear columns were ordered to turn and encircle the attackers, the volunteers instead retreated. The exposed center column  managed to repulse the attackers and restore order. The cannon was moved to high ground and fired grapeshot into the Red Sticks, effectively ending the engagement.  The total number of volunteers killed in both battles reached twenty (20) and the number of Red Stick corpses was 189.  The result of Jackson's twelve (12) day "excursion" was claimed as a victory by both sides.  From the natives' point of view, the invaders were sent back.

Click for Enitachopco Creek photo

Discharge

01 February 1814,  Capt. Baskerville's Company Payroll ended.  After returning to Fort Strother, Jackson dismissed most of his army in February 1814, with new enlistments were expected to take their place. (26) "They left for home full of admiration of and enthusiasm for their general, and their return gave a new impetus to volunteering." (21)  Among those making their way back north on horseback the way they came was William Mallory, Jr.  He was about 34 years old.

March 27, 1814, Cherokee warriors swam the Tallapoosa and stole Red Stick Canoes prior to the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The victory over the Red Sticks and the subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson, ended the Creek Indian War.  Jackson, called "Sharp Knife" by the native demanded the entire Creek Nation pay for the Red Sticks' crimes. The treaty's terms ceded over 23 million acres of Creek land in present day Alabama and southern Georgia to the United States. (27)

08 January 1815, American forces under Jackson defeated British at the Battle of New Orleans after the Treaty of Ghent officially ended the War of 1812.

Click for later Andrew Jackson portrait

Prosperity in the Pennyrile


After 1812, William Mallory, Jr was an elder of New Salem Baptist Church.

11 January 1815, Allen County, Kentucky was formed from parts of Barren and Warren.

01 May 1816, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's fifth son James Calvin Mallory was born in Kentucky.

31 August 1816, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's third daughter S. A. Melvina Mallory was born in Kentucky.

William Mallory, Jr's sister, Mary Ann Mallory married 17 October 1816 widower Edward Price in Campbell County, Virginia.

04 March 1817, James Monroe's inauguration as the fifth President of the United States marked the beginning of eight years political harmony called the American "Era of Good Feelings".

8 Dec 1817, William Mallory, Jr, his wife Catharine and others witnessed a land transaction.

19 October 1818, the Jackson Purchase extended Kentucky into Indian Territory between the Tennessee and Mississippi RIvers.  That same day, William Mallory, Jr enterend into an agreement to purchase 98 acres on Sinking Fork of Drakes Creek in Logan County, Kentucky from John Hyronimus and wife Charlotte. The Sinking Creek watershed appears on the USGS Auburn, Franklin, Prices Creek and Woodburn Topo maps.

28 January 1819, an act of the Kentucky legislature combined parts of Allen, Logan and Warren to form  Simpson County.  The portion taken from Logan included William Mallory, Jr's homestead and surrounding farmland located mid-way between Franklin and Pilot Knob.

Click for 1819 Kentucky map Click for Mallory homestead location map Cl;ick for large scale topo map

The Panic of 1819, the first failure of the market economy in America followed the economic expansion after the War of 1812.

Sometime between 1816 and 1820, William Mallory, Sr migrated from Virginia to Wilson County, Tennessee.

On February 4, 1820, Tennessee won the longstanding dispute with Kentucky confirming the original Walker Survey line as the official boundary between the two states. A strip of territory on either side of the main road from Franklin to Nashville became Robertson County, Tennessee to the west and Sumner County, Tennessee to the east. A triangular irregularity or "jog" was created where the road crossed between the states and the exact boundary location remained undetermined for decades. The jog included the site where several duels were held.

Click for 1820 land ceded to Tennessee Click for modern map of jog

06 March 1820, the Second Missouri Compromise was ratified, admitting Missouri into the Union as a slave state.

In the 1820 Simpson County, Kentucky census there are two "towns" separately listed: Franklin, which had a total of about 59 males (including children), and Petersburg which had a total of 19 males (including children). One Samuel Lawler ran a store in Petersburg, at least in 1820 and 1821...northwest of Franklin on what is now the "Morgantown Road" about "four miles northwest of Franklin". It could have been described as being "on" Sinking Creek or "on" Gasper River. The survey descriptions in those days were pretty loose as to the names of the watercourses to which property drained. (The word "on" was not literal; it did not necessarily bound the specified watercourse.).

07 Aug 1820 Census of Petersburg in Simpson County, Kentucky enumerates "William Mallery" as one (1) person "engaged in commerce".
His sons A. W. Mallory, Elberton B. Mallory and James Calvin Mallory were enumerated as three (3) males under 10.

His son John Senter Mallory was enumerated as one (1) male 10 thru 15.

His son Samuel Kemper Mallory was enumerated as one (1) male 16 thru 18.

William Mallory, Jr was enumerated as one (1) male 26 thru 44.

His daughter S. A. Melvina Mallory was enumerated as one (1) female under 10.

His daughters Levina Mallory and Martha A. Mallory were enumerated as two (2) females 10 thru 15.

His wife Catharine was enumerated as one (1) female 26 thru 44.

Click for 1820 Census Simpson County KY

16 December 1820, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's twins, sixth son Nathaniel Harris Mallory and seventh son William L. Mallory were born in Simpson, Kentucky.

By 1821, the country's population grew to ten (10) million, its economy recovered and a quarter century of prosperity began.

In the summer of 1822, the Methodist Peter Cartwright conducted what he called "one among the best camp-meetings ever held in Logan County".

In 1823, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's eighth son Felix Robert Mallory was born in Simpson County, Kentucky.

04 March 1825, John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as the sixth President of the United States.

September 1826, Sam Houston severely wounded William White in a Simpson County, Kentucky duel.

19 March 1827, William Mallory, Jr's father in-law, Nathan Harris died in Louisa County, Virginia.

02 Sep 1827, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's son John Senter Mallory married Martha and set up a separate household.

15 April 1828, William Mallory, Jr served on a jury in Simpson County, Kentucky.

04 March 1829, Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as the seventh President of the United States.  Five (5) days later, on 04 April 1829 Colonel John Allcorn died in Wilson County, Tennessee.

02 January 1830 William Mallory, Jr and Catharine were named among heirs in sale of 240 Acres from Nathan Harris' estate in Louisa, Virginia to Catharine's brother, Samuel Harris.  That same year, the Kentucky-Tennessee boundary line was re-surveyed in Simpson County.

The 1830 Simpson County, Kentucky Census lists William Mallory, Jr as the head of a household of ten (10) free whites and six (6) slaves.
His sons Felix Robert Mallory, Nathaniel Harris Mallory and William L. Mallory were enumerated as three (3) males 5 thru 9.

His son James Calvin Mallory was enumerated as one (1) male 10 thru 14.

His sons A. W. Mallory and Elberton B. Mallory were enumerated as two (2) males 15 thru 19.

William Mallory, Jr was enumerated as one (1) male 50 thru 59.

His daughter S. A. Melvina Mallory was enumerated as one (1) female 10 thru 14.

His daughter, probably Martha A. Mallory enumerated as one (1) female 15 thru 19.

His wife Catharine was enumerated as one (1) female 40 thru 49.

One (1) male slave under 10.

Two (2) male slaves 10 thru 23.

One (1) female slave under 10.

Two (2) females slaves 10 thru 23.

Click for 1830 Census Simpson County KY

21 August 1831, Nat Turner led a slave rebellion in Southampton County, Virginia.

03 December 1832, Andrew Jackson was re-elected President of the United States.  He was sworn in for his second term 04 March 1833.

On July 13, 1833 eight (8) members from Sulphur Springs Baptist Church were dismissed at their own request to become the charter members of the United Baptist Church of Christ in Franklin. William Mallory, Jr served on the Presbtery that chartered the new Church.

21 February 1834, Kentucky Governor John Breathitt died while in office.  A map drawn that year illustrates the region around Simpson County.

Click for 1834 map

24 Oct 1834, William Mallory, Jr entered into an agreement to purchase from John G. Stewart and W. Stewart $575.00 land in Logan County, Kentucky near Hickman's Mill.  Hickman's Mill was located north of Schochoh on the west side of what is now KY 663 Corinth Road at the intersection with Hickman-Middleton Road.  In Simpson County, the eastern portion of same road is called Hickman Mill Road. In 1932, when the Corinth Road was improved the Journal of the House of Representatives referred to "Hickman Mill Pond". At one time, it was called "Dawson's Mill".

Click for Hickman's Mill location map

By the end of 1834, the relocation of most of the Creek tribes from northern Alabama along the Trail of Tears was complete.

In 1835, the Kentucky General Assembly modified the system for patenting unappropriated land in the Commonwealth. Prospective landowners purchased orders, also called "Warrants", from the county court authorizing the county surveyor to survey a tract of unappropriated land for a patent application. The total acreage could not exceed the amount specified in each warrant; the land had to be located within the county issuing the warrant. More than one warrant could be used for each survey. The survey and a copy of the authorizing order(s) were then sent to the Register of the Land Office in Frankfort. Upon approval by the Land Register and, in some instances, the Attorney General, or the Governor signed the grant finalizing the patent.

21 Jan 1835, William Mallory, Jr's four (4) acre land grant in Simpson County Kentucky was surveyed. (28)

Grantee: Mallery, Wm
Acres: 4
Book: G-2
Survey Date: 21 Jan 1835
County: Simpson
Water Course: None

Two (2) of William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's sons married sisters. Samuel Kemper Mallory married Martha Elliott.  Ause W. Mallory married Cynthia Elliott.

In 1836, conflict over land ownership arose between Creek people and squatters in Alabama.

04 March 1837, Martin Van Buren inaugurated eighth President of the United States. He was the first president born after the American Revolution.

Five years of depression began with the Panic of 10 May 1837. Banks stopped payment in gold and silver but failures were widespread and unemployment hit record levels. 16 May 1837, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine entered into an agreement  to sell Levi Moore of Logan County, $575.00 land in Logan County near Hickman's Mill.

That same year, William Mallory, Jr and Catharie's son, Elberton B. Mallory married Tabitha Young and settled in Audrain County, Missouri.                               
09 February 1838, the Kentucky legislature passed an act to establish a Register of Land, appropriate and sell vacant land, and apply funds to the improvement of roads.
By the end of 1838, the relocation of most of the Cherokee from northern Alabama along the Trail of Tears was complete.                          
On 03 January 1839, William Mallory, Sr died in Wilson County. Tennessee. (28)   A published family history includes a list of his chidren at the time of his death as follows:

"...William MALLORY, a pensioner, of the Revolutionary War, certificate No. 22119, Tennessee Agency died in Wilson Co., Tenn., on January 3, 1839, and left surviving no widow but the following named children: James MALLORY, Mary MALLORY Peirce (sic), Louisa MALLORY Phillips, Emily MALLORY Floyd, William MALLORY, John MALLORY and T. I. Mallory; and that James Turner qualified as administrator of the estate...." (29)

1840 Simpson, Kentucky Census Roll 124 Book 1, Page 189e shows William Mallory, Jr as the head of a household of six (6) free white persons and thirteen (13) colored slaves. One person was "Employed in Manufacture and Trade."
His sons Felix Robert Mallory, Nathaniel Harris Mallory and William L. Mallory were enumerated as three (3) males 15 thru 19.

William Mallory, Jr was enumerated as one (1) male 60 thru 69.

A daughter, probably Martha A. Mallory was enumerated as (1) female 30 thru 39.

His wife Catharine was enumerated as one (1) female 50 thru 59.

One (1) male slave under 10.

Three (3) male slaves 10 thru 23.

Seven (7) female slaves under 10.

One (1) female slave 10 thru 23.

One (1) female slave 24 thru 25.

Click for 1840 Census Simpson County KY

Later Life


04 April 1841, William Henry Harrison died after only a month in office and was succeeded by the tenth president, John Tyler.

The economy had recovered by 1843 when two (2) of William Mallory Jr and Catharine's sons were married. That year, James Calvin Mallory married Elizabeth M. Harris and Nathaniel Harris Mallory married Eliza Ann Wright.

02 Aug 1844, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's daughter S. A. Melvina Mallory, age 26 died in Simpson County, Kentucky.  She was buried on her parent's farm.

08 Jun 1845, Andrew Jackson died at The Hermitage in Tennessee.

20 Dec 1846, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's son William L. Mallory married Sarah Ann Jones.

2 Feb 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War.

11 Apr 1848, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's son, John Senter Mallory, age 41 died in Simpson County, Kentucky.

05 March 1849, Zachary Taylor was inaugurated as the 12th President of the United States of America.

09 February 1850, Millard Fillmore became the 13th President of the United States of America after Zachary Taylor's death.

1850 Simpson, Kentucky Census lists William Mallory, Jr as the head of a household of three (3) adjoining son Felix Robert Mallory and two houses from James Calvin Mallory.  He is a 71 year old male farmer owning property valued at $4300.
His wife Catharine is enumerated as a 70 year old female and daughter Martha A. Mallory as a 40 year old female.

Click for 1850 Census Simpson County KY

16 Sep 1850 Census Slave schedule shows William Mallory, Jr as the owner of sixteen (16) blacks and mulattos.  Three (3) were adults, the other thirteen (13) ranged between sixteen (16) years and one (1) month of age.Three (3) of the slave children were described as Mulattos and Fugitives from the State. Slave No. 14 was probably Charles Mallory.

Click for Slave Schedule page 1 Click for Slave Schedule page 2

William Mallory was listed as owner of a black male slave named George, born 01 Sep 1852 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

04 March 1853, Franklin Pierce was inaugurated as fourteenth President of the United States.

On 28 May 1853, William Mallory, Jr's 100 acre land grant was surveyed in Simpson, Kentucky.

THE KENTUCKY LAND GRANTS
Volume 1
Part 2
CHAPTER X. GRANTS IN THE COUNTY COURT ORDERS (1836-1924)
THE COUNTIES OF KENTUCKY
page 1463

Patent # 22678

Grantee: Mallory, William
Acres: 100
Book: 41
Page: 246
Date Survey: 5-28-1853
County: Simpson
Watercourse: None

Before April 1854, William Mallory, Jr's brother, James Mallory died in Simpson County, Kentucky.

William Mallory listed as owner of negro female Martha J. Mallory born 03 May 1854 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

03 February 1855, was the Grant Date for William Mallory, Jr's Patent # 22678 for 100 acres previously surveyed.

21 September 1855, William Mallory, Jr's brother, John Mallory an attorney, died in Virginia at the age of 72.

04 November 1856, James Buchanan defeated former President Millard Fillmore in the Presidential Election.  Buchanan becomes the fifteenth president during William Mallory, Jr's lifetime. 

Click for 1856 USA map

In September 1857, William Mallory, Jr and Catharine's youngest son, Felix Robert Mallory, age 34 died in Simpson County, Kentucky.

William Mallory, Jr died 29 December 1857 in Simpson County, Kentucky at about 78 years of age. He was buried in the family burial ground near his home, later called the Mallory-Harris Cemetery. His descendants erected a stone monument near the intersection of Moody Road and Stanley Lane. The monument was relocated to the grave site, now an isolated stand of trees. It and his daughter's 1844 grave stone are the only visible markers today.

Click for Mallory Pioneers monument photo Click for Mallory-Harris Cemetery location map

At the time of his death, William Mallory, Jr's estate included approximately 600 acres of land and 20 slaves.

In 1865, the thirteen (13) acre parcel of land, identified as "Tract No 3" including William Mallory's burial ground was sold.  In 1978, it was owned by Lawrence Fleming.

Decendancy


William Mallory, Jr's widow, Catharine died in 1864 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

Samuel Kemper Mallory died 04 April 1887 in Todd County, Kentucky.

Levina Mallory's a mystery after August 1820.

John Senter Mallory's widow, Martha died 10 April 1874.

Martha A. Mallory died in 1874 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

Ause W. Mallory died before 07 December 1892 in Todd County, Kentucky.

Elberton B. Mallory died 23 July 1896 in Audrain County, Missouri.

S. A. Melvina Mallory died 02 August 1844 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

Nathaniel Harris Mallory died 16 December 1820 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

William L. Mallory died 25 June 1873 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

Felix Robert Mallory died September 1857 in Simpson County, Kentucky.

Five (5) generations are charted in part in this report: Outline Descendant Report for William Mallory, Jr.

Charles Mallory, probably the individual identified as mulatto slave No. 14 owned by William Mallory, Jr in the 1850 Simpson County, Kentucky Slave Schedule married Rosella or Rosa "unknown".  Charles Mallory and Rosella lived in the Pilot Knob District of Simpson County, Kentucky.  Their children were born in Kentucky:  Louisa Mallory born 1870, Lizzie E. Mallory born 1872, Thomas Mallory born 1874, Charles B. Mallory born 1876 and John B. Mallory born in 1878.  Charles B. Mallory was also known as "Charly".  Another child, James Mallory born 1865 in Kentucky was listed as "step-son" in the census of 1870.

See Also


William Mallory Sr

Zachariah Mallory

Sources


(1) Pedigree Chart by James L. Mallory 27 Apr 2004

(2)  http://king.genealogy.googlepages.com/sackvilleking%27sordinary

(3) The Douglas Register p. 242

(4) Louisa County, Virginia: tithables and census, 1743-1785, Rosalie Edith Davis, 1988

(5) "The Mallorys - Part 1" Generation 5, Bobby Anderson (credit research of Robert Mallory)

(6) Todd County, Kentucky, Providence UMC Cem Grave stone transcription

(7) Sur. Meriwether Smith. Wit. Abraham Collins. p.126

(8) Louisa Virginia Deed Book M, p. 31

(9) Mallory Family of Muhlenberg County Kentucky by Forest Mallory, Robert Mallory

(10) http://members.aol.com/ArletaHowe/Page6.htm

(11) History of Audrain County Missouri, National Historical Company, 1884

(12) The History of Andrew Jackson Vol 1 Augustus C. Buell

(13) The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston By Marquis James

(14) Old Sumner, A History of Sumner County, TN, From 1805-1861 by Walter T. Durham

(15) http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/history/military/tn1812.htm

(16) History of Andrew Jackson: pioneer, patriot, soldier, politician ..., Volume 1

(17) The History of Andrew Jackson Volume 1, Augustus C. Buell

(18)  http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rscrain&id=I5555

(19)  Frontier Militiaman in the War of 1812: Southwestern Frontier By Ed Gilbert

(20) http://www.hnoc.org/BNO/william_cook.html#3

(21) Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812, Benson J. Lossing 1869

(22) http://www.hnoc.org/BNO/william_cook.html#3

(23) Andrew Jackson - The Border Captain,  Marquis James

(24) http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Introductions/82900FM.htm

(25) Prelude to Horseshoe Bend:  The Battles of Emuckfaw and Enotochopco, January 1814, John Alden Reid

(26) http://tennessee.gov/tsla/history/military/tn1812.htm

(27) Andrew Jackson and his Indian Wars, Robert V. Remini New York: Viking, 2001

(28) The Kentucky Land Grants Volume 1 Part 1 Chapter VI Kentucky Land Warrants (1816-1873) The Counties of Kentucky p. 639


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